注释（1/2）

档案缩写

圣彼得堡

rgia（rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv）——俄罗斯国家历史档案馆

irli ran（lnstitut rskoi literatury rossiiskoi akadeii nauk）——俄罗斯科学院俄罗斯文献研究院

aan spb（sankt peterburgskii filial arkhiva akadeii nauk）——科学院档案馆圣彼得堡分馆

tsgia spb（tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv sankt peterburga）——圣彼得堡国家中央历史档案馆

莫斯科

garf（gosudarstvennyi arkhiv rossiiskoi federatsii）——俄罗斯联邦国家档案馆

rgvia（rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi voenno-istoricheskii arkhiv）——俄罗斯国家军事-历史档案馆

托博尔斯克

gatovgt（gosudarstvennyi arkhiv tiuorode tobol’sk）——秋明州国家档案馆（位于托博尔斯克市）

伊尔库茨克

gaio（gosudarstvennyi arkhiv lrkutskoi obsti）——伊尔库茨克州国家档案馆

档案文献使用了如下缩写

f (fond)

op (opis’)

d (delo)

k (karton)

n (nor)

ch (chast’)

dp (deloproizvodstvo)

eksp (ekspeditsiia)

t (to)

sv (svodka)

o o (oboe otdelenie)

l 或 ll (list or listy)

引　言

1 f o dorad, 1972–90), vol 4, p 9

序言　乌格利奇的铜钟

1 k iarosvskii, vozvrashchennyi iz sibiri uglichskii kolokol (uglich, 1892); d v vrov, uglichskii ssyl’nyi kolokol (uglich, 1913); a o koloko (yarosvl, 1988), pp 32–45

2 lobashkov, istoriia ssyl’nogo koloko , pp 9–27; andrew a ntes, exile to siberia, 1590–1822 (basgstoke, 2008), pp 36–7

3 ippolit zavalish, opisanie zapadnoi sibiri , 2 vols (osw, 1862), vol 1, pp 317–18

4 gala shebalda, shvedskie voennoplennye v sibiri (pervaia chetvert’ xviii veka) (a (osk, 2007), pp 24–5

5 f kudriavtsev and g vendrikh, irkutsk: ocherki po istorii goroda (irkutsk, 1971), pp 105–6; l dashek (ed), irkutsk v panora vekov (irkutsk, 2002), pp 139, 146; n v kulikakene (ed), leis’ goroda irkutska xvii—xix vv (irkutsk, 1996), pp 233–6

6 alexander lzhenitsyn, the gug archipego: 1918–1956 , trans thoas p whitney and harry willetts (london, 1995); anne applebau: a history (london, 2004); steven a barnes, death and rede of viet ciety (prceton, 2011)

7 yuri slezke and galya dint, ‘troduction’, ide (eds), beeen heaven and hell: the yth of siberia rsian culture (new york, 1993), p 2; valerie kiveln, cartographies of tsardos seventeenth-century rsia (ithaca, 2006), ch 4

8 robert hughes, the fatal shore: a history of the transportation of nvicts to atralia, 1787–1868 (london, 1986), p xi; stephen a toth, beyond papillon: the french overseas penal lonies, 1854–1952 (lln, ne, 2006), p 12

9 a p chekhov, ‘v ssylke’, polnoe branie chenii i pise , 20 vols (osw, 1944–51), vol 8, p 87

10 iarosvskie eparkhial’nye vedoo koloko , pp 39–41

11 frith e kennan: fro cheerleader to critic of tsarist rsia’, world policy journal , vol 19, no 4 (ter 2002–3), pp 79–84; jane e good, ‘arica and the rsian revotionary ovent, 1888–1905’, the rsian review , vol 41, no 3 (july 1982), p 274

12 e l yaney, the systeovernnt: cial evotion the dostic adistration of iperial rsia, 1711–1905 (urbana, il, 1973); richard pipes, rsia under the old regi , 2nd edn (london, 1995), ch 11

1 流放制度的起源

1 e v ntzeff and richard a pierce, easard to epire: exploration and nest on the rsian open frontier, to 1750 (ontreal, 1973)

2 of a lonial ee v ntzeff, siberia the seventeenth century (new york, 1972), pp 87–8; andrew a ntes, exile to siberia, 1590–1822 (basgstoke, 2008), pp 22–5; ja hartley, siberia: a history of the people (new haven, 2014), pp 5–11

3 jas forsyth, a history of the peoples of siberia: rsia’s north asian lony, 1581–1990 (caentes, exile, stoke, 2010), pp 1–4

4 w bruce lln, the nest of a ntent: siberia and the rsians (ithaca, 1994), pp 48–56; forsyth, a history of the peoples of siberia , pp 10–28; piers vitebsky, redeer people: livg with anials and spirits siberia (london, 2011), chs 1–2

5 robert j kerner, the ur to the sea the urse of rsian history the role of rivers, portas, ostrogs, onasteries, and furs (new york, 1970), p 86; rayond h fisher, the rsian fur trade, 1550–1700 (berkeley, 1943), chs 1–3; ark bass, ‘expansionis and lonialis on the eastern frontier: views of siberia and the far east pre-petre rsia’, journal of historical ography , vol 14, no 1 (1988), pp 3–21

6 ntzeff, siberia the seventeenth century , pp 87–91; hartley, siberia , pp 38–41; lln, the nest of a ntent , pp 45–6, 61; forsyth, a history of the peoples of siberia , pp 33–5, 61–6; valerie kiveln, ‘ci the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries’, nichos b breyfogle et al (eds), peoplg the rsian periphery: bordernd lonization eurasian history (london, 2007), pp 27–32

7 lln, the nest of a ntent , pp 81–2; fisher, the rsian fur trade , ch 6; ja art, treasure fronificance for e, 1986); chrish witzenrath, ssacks and the rsian epire, 1598–1725: anipution, rebellion and expansion to siberia (london, 2007), pp 62–70; ch 4

8 a p shchapov, ‘sibirskoe obshchestvo do speranskogo’, cheniia , 4 vols (st petersburg, 1906–8), vol 3, p 673; ntzeff, siberia the seventeenth century , ch 5; lln, the nest of a ntent , pp 83–4; ntes, exile to siberia , pp 29–31, 82–4, 135, 142–5; richard pipes, rsia under the old regi , 2nd edn (london, 1995), p 282; witzenrath, ssacks and the rsian epire , chs 1, 4

9 i v shcheglov, khronologicheskii perechen’ vazhneishikh dannykh iz istorii sibiri: 1032–1882 gg (irkutsk, 1883), pp 44–5; lln, the nest of a nten t, pp 59–63; witzenrath, ssacks and the rsian epire , p 18

10 v a aleksandrov, rossiia na dal’nevostochnykh rubezhakh (vtoraia polova xvii v) (khabarovsk, 1984), pp 37–8; forsyth, a history of the peoples of siberia , p 45; ntes, exile to siberia , p 17

11 forsyth, a history of the peoples of siberia , pp 67–9; lln, the nest of a ntent , p 88; witzenrath, ssacks and the rsian epire , p 69

12 n rafichesko, 1882), p 165

13 cited a a alekseev, ‘istoriia slova grazhdan v xviii v’, izvestiia akadeii nauk sssr , vol 31, no 1 (1972), p 68; bass, ‘expansion and lonialis’, pp 3–21

14 willia xe, travels to pond, rsia, sweden and denark , 4th edn, 5 vols (london, 1792), vol 3, pp 120–22 在18世纪末，除了考克斯，还有其他外国人也带着好奇和畏惧的心情看到了鞭刑、残害和打烙印。see the av khosiu, kratkie vesti o skitaniiakh v severnykh vodakh , trans v konstantov (osw, 1978), pp 187–8

15 e anisiov, dyba i knut: politicheskii sysk i rskoe obshchestvo v xviii veke (osw, 1999), pp 498–500; cyril bryner, ‘the issue of capital punishn of elizabeth petrovna’, the rsian review , vol 49, no 4 (october 1990), pp 389–416; john p ledonne, abtis css: the foration of the rsian political order, 1700–1825 (oxford, 1991), pp 216–17; an wood, ‘siberian exile the eighteenth century’, sibirica , vol 1, no 1 (sur 1990), pp 45–6

16 abby schrader, nguas of the sh: rporal punishnt and identity iperial rsia (dekalb, il, 2002), ch 1

17 xe, travels to pond , pp 129–30

18 p a slovtv, istoricheskoe obozrenie sibiri stikhotvoreniia propovedi , ed v a kreshchik (novosibirsk, 1995), p 149

19 n d serevskii, o ssylke v drevnei rossii (st petersburg, 1887), p 15; ntes, exile to siberia , ch 3; anisiov, dyba i knut , pp 503–10; ideh ercion rsia , trans john t alexander (aronk, ny, 1993), p 229

20 lev and l p potapov (eds), narody sibiri (osw, 1956), p 140; lln, the nest of a ntent , p 149; hartley, siberia , pp 24–5

21 stephen d watro (ed), john ledyard’s journey through rsia and siberia, 1787–1788 ( of john ledyard: epire and abition the life of an early arican traveler (new haven, 2007), chs 8–9

22 v k andreevich, istoricheskii ocherk sibiri , 6 vols (st petersburg, 1889), vol 5, pp 159–69; lln, the nest of a ntent , p 142

23 robert hughes, the fatal shore: a history of the transportation of nvicts to atralia, 1787–1868 (london, 1986), p xi

24 david ration and the settlent of rsia’s frontiers, 1550–1897’, the historical journal , vol 40, no 4 (1997), p 863; l g beskrovnyi (ed), opisanie tobol’skogo na (novosibirsk, 1982), pp 246–51

25 john dundas chrane, narrative of a pedestrian journey through rsia and siberian tartary, fro the frontiers of cha to the frozen sea of ka the years 1820, 1821, 1822 and 1823 (phidelphia, 1824), p 86

26 hartley, siberia , pp 24–5; aziatskaia rossiia , vol 2, pp 501–3; lln, the nest of a ntent , pp 147–9; chrane, narrative of a pedestrian journey , pp 133–4

27 l dashek and a v renev (eds), sibir’ v stave rossiiskoi iperii (osw, 2007), appendix 2; hartley, siberia , pp 55–69

28 n iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha v tiur’, 1872), pp 508–9; adele ldenyr, poverty is not a vice: charity, ciety, and the state iperial rsia (prceton, 1996), ch 2; wood, ‘siberian exile the eighteenth century’, p 54; alin k sitives, borders, and iperial anesties rsia’, the journal of ia, f 1374, op 6, d 1366 (1800), ll 1–19

29 paul avrich, rsian rebels, 1600–1800 (new york, 1972), parts 3–4; isabel de reat (new haven, 1981), ch 16; ntes, exile to siberia , pp 111–14

30 e n anuch, issledovaniia o protsente snnykh v sibir’ v period 1827–1846 godov , 1873), pp 309–10; ntes, exile, e and the tsarist siberian exile syste: power and resistance the penal ndscape’, central asian survey , vol 30, nos 3–4 (2011), pp 407–21

31 ntes, exile to siberia , pp 115–16; ura enlste, castration and the heavenly kgdo: a rsian folktale (ithaca, 1999)

32 reat , pp 542–5; wood, ‘siberian exile the eighteenth century’, pp 52–3

33 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 523; ntes, exile to siberia , pp 117–18; rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 400 (1824), ll 1–4; rgia, f 1281, op 6, d 27 (1856), 14 ob–15

34 ssylka v sibir’ ocherk ee istorii i vre, 1900), pp 46–7; an wood, ‘the e and abe of adistrative exile to siberia’, irish svonic studies (1985), no 6, p 69; v n dvorianov, v sibirskoi dal’nei storone…(ocherki istorii politicheskoi kati i ssylki 60-e gody xviii v—1917 g) (enev, ‘pun and babur’ youth and a: three short novels by ivan turnev , trans (london, 1968), pp 31–4

35 jero b, lord and peasant rsia: fro the nth to the neteenth century (prceton, 1961), p 430

36 andrew a ntes, ‘“pletely eless”: exilg the disabled to tsarist siberia’, sibirica , vol 10, no 2 (suia, f 1286, op 10, d 1090 (1846), ll 7–8; rgia, f 1286, op 16, d 671 (1855), ll 4–7

37 robert j abbott, ‘police refor the rsian provce of iarosvl, 1856–1876’, svic review , vol 32, no 2 (1973), p 293; neil weissur police tsarist rsia, 1900–1914’, the rsian review , vol 44, no 1 (january 1985), p 49; stephen p frank, cri, cultural nflict and jtice rural rsia, 1856–1914 (berkeley, 1999), pp 30–36, 236–41

38 wood, ‘the e and abe’, pp 69–70; anuch, o protsente snnykh , pp 310–12; ssylka v sibir’ , ch 2; hughes, the fatal shore , pp 72–3, 163

39 david f ldenfeld, the practical iero, 1997), ch 1; arc raeff, the well-ordered police state: cial and stitutional chan through w the ranies and rsia, 1600–1800 (new haven, 1983), pp 204–50; pipes, rsia under the old regi , p 128

40 rgia, f 1374, op 6, d 1366 (1800), ll 1–19; ssylka v sibir’ , pp 47–8; a d kolesnikov, ‘ssylka i zaselenie sibiri’, l a v sibiri (xviii—nachalo xx v) (novosibirsk, 1975), p 42; ntes, ‘“pletely eless”’, p 31; daniel beer, ‘penal deportation to siberia and the liits of state power, 1801–1881’, kritika: explorations rsian and eurasian history , vol 16, no 3 (2015), pp 621–50

41 arc raeff, siberia and the refors of 1822 (seattle, 1956), pp 59–62; arc raeff, ichael speransky: statesentes, exile to siberia , pp 156–201

42 andrew ntes, ‘“licentio girls” and frontier dosticators: won and siberian exile fro the te sixteenth to the early neteenth centuries’, sibirica , vol 3, no 1 (2003), pp 3–20; abby e the siberian exile syste, 1822–1860’, svic review , vol 66, no 2 (sur 2007), pp 230–56

43 wood, ‘siberian exile the eighteenth century’, p 59; aziatskaia rossiia , vol 1, p 81; ssylka v sibir’ , appendix 4; dashek and renev (eds), sibir’ , p 279

44 ssylka v sibir’ , appendix 1; a d olis, ‘chislennost’ i razshchenie ssyl’nykh v sibiri v kontse xix veka’, ide, tiur’a i ssylka v iperatorskoi rossii issledovaniia i arkhivnye nakhodki (raphy of children the tsarist siberian exile syste 2006), p 1; frank, cri, cultural nflict, and jtice , ch 2

2 界　标

1 petr kropotk, rsian and french prins (london, 1887), pp 124–5

2 e kennan, siberia and the exile syste , 2 vols (new york, 1891), vol 1, pp 52–4

3 i p belokonskii [petrovich], po tiur’a i etapa ocherki tiurenoi zhizni i putevye zatki ot oskvy do krasnoiarska (oryol, 1887), pp 107–8

4 cited andrew a ntes, exile to siberia, 1590–1822 (basgstoke, 2008), p 48

5 robert hughes, the fatal shore: a history of the transportation of nvicts to atralia, 1787–1868 (london, 1986), p 145; gwenda an and peter rhton, banishnt the early atntic world: nvicts, rebels and sves (london, 2013), ch 6 关于把刑罚殖民者放逐到法属圭亚那，参见 stephen a toth, beyond papillon: the french overseas penal lonies, 1854–1952 (lln, ne, 2006); rande punition (paris, 1982)。

6 hughes, the fatal shore , pp 129–57; j es to atralia, 1788–1868’, cial science history , vol 13, no 3 (1989), pp 285–313; jahteenth- and neteenth-century brita: penal power, liberty, and the state’, w and ciety review , vol 39, no 1 (2005), pp 171–210; haish axwell-stewart, ‘nvict transportation fro brita and irend, 1615–1870’, history pass , vol 8, no 11 (2010), pp 1221–42

7 anton chekhov, sakhal isnd , trans brian reeve (richond, 2007), p 26; n ruiantsev, istoricheskii ocherk peresylki arestantov v rossii (st petersburg, 1876), p 10; williah eastern rsia the autun of 1856 (london, 1857), p 37

8 gryts’ko [g z eliseev], ‘ugolovnye prestupniki’, vreolovnaia ssylka v zapadnuiu sibir’ v politike saoderzhaviia xix veka’, kandidatskaia diss (osk state university, 2008), pp 63, 69

9 ‘rasskazy praskov’i egorovny annenkovoi’, rskaia stara , 1888, no 4, p 3

10 rgia, f 383, op 29, d 924 (1806), ll 27, 29; g peizen, ‘istoricheskii ocherk kolonizatsii sibiri’, vreia, f 383, op 29, d 953 (1818), ll 2, 24

11 rgia, f 468, op 20, d 273 (1787), ll 2, 8, 22; rgia, f 383, op 29, d 924 (1806), l 29

12 rgia, f 383, op 29, d 938 (1811), ll 88–9; rgia, f 383, op 29, d 953 (1818), ll 1, 12–14 关于抵达西伯利亚的伤残流放者的问题，参见 andrew a ntes, ‘“pletely eless”: exilg the disabled to tsarist siberia’, sibirica , vol 10, no 2 (sur 2011), pp 26–49。

13 rgia, f 1149, op 1, d 10 (1828), ll 2–6; ‘arestanty v sibiri’, vrennik , 1863, no 11, p 146

14 rgia, f 383, op 29, d 924 (1806), l 29; ruiantsev, istoricheskii ocherk peresylki , pp 12–13

15 o n bortnikova, sibir’ tiure (tyuia, f 1286, op 1, d 195 (1804), l 1

16 s shtutan, na strazhe tishy i spokoistviia: iz istorii vnutrennykh voisk rossii (1811–1917 gg) (ia, f 1286, op 1, d 195 (1804), ll 51, 53, 64; rgia, f 1286, op 2, d 245 (1817), l 1; ‘o prestupleniiakh po vsei sibiri, v koikh uchastvovali ssyl’nye s 1823 po 1831 god’, zhurnal isterstva vnutrennykh del , 1833, no 8, pp 224–33

17 ssylka v sibir’ ocherk ee istorii i vreentes, exile to siberia , p 137

18 bortnikova, sibir’ tiureoi v sibiri v nachale xix veka (pravovoi aspekt)’, sibirskaia ssylka (irkutsk, 2011), no 6 (18), pp 92–107; ‘tav ob etapakh v sibirskikh guberniiakh’, uchrezhdenie dlia upravleniia sibirskikh gubernii (st petersburg, 1822), pp 4–5; ippolit zavalish, opisanie zapadnoi sibiri , 2 vols (osw, 1862), vol 1, pp 355–6

19 s v , 1900), p 14; ruiantsev, istoricheskii ocherk peresylki , p 12; n iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha v tiur’olovnaia ssylka’, p 63

20 ‘tav ob etapakh v sibirskikh guberniiakh’, p 26; l dashek and a v renev (eds), sibir’ v stave rossiiskoi iperii (osw, 2007), pp 277–8

21 ‘tav o ssyl’nykh’, articles 210–13; arc raeff, siberia and the reforia, f 1286, op 21, d 1118 (1860), l 1; ntes, exile to siberia , pp 198–9 1870年，流放事务部从托博尔斯克转到秋明。see vsenko, ‘ugolovnaia ssylka’, pp 81–2

22 rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 414 (1825), l 6; rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 71 (1835), l 138

23 ‘tav ob etapakh v sibirskikh guberniiakh’, no 22; rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 71 (1835), ll 136 ob–137; ntes, exile to siberia , pp 195–6

24 ruarf, f 109, op 8, 1 eksp, d 357 (1833), l 10; gatovgt, f 152, op 31, d 127 (1849), l 18; rgia, f 1286, op 29, d 836 (1868), l 8

25 ‘arestanty v sibiri’, pp 153–4; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 2–5, 304 凯南记录过19世纪80年代在阿尔卡奇监狱中有类似的简易装修。kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 2, pp 292–3

26 v p kolesnikov, ‘zapiski neschastnogo, derzhashchie puteshestvie v sibir’ po kanatu’, zaria , 1869, no 5, pp 25–6

27 vsenko, ‘ugolovnaia ssylka’, pp 66–7; ntes, exile to siberia , p 198; kennan, siberia and the exile systeia, f 1286, op 22, d 925 (1857), l 8 ob; gryts’ko [eliseev], ‘ugolovnye prestupniki’, p 286; rgia, f 1286, op 29, d 771 (1868), l 2

28 iu ruch’skii, ‘konarshchik, 1838–1878: vospoaniia o sibirskoi ssylke’, b s shostakovich (ed), vospoaniia iz sibiri: uary, ocherki, dnevnikovye zapiski pol’skikh politicheskikh ssyl’nykh v vostochnuiu sibir’ pervoi polovy xix stoletiia (irkutsk, 2009) , p 374; v l seroshevskii, ‘ssylka i kata v sibiri’, i s l’nik (ed), sibir’: ee vre, 1908), p 209; nikoi leskov, dy acbeth of tsensk and other stories , trans david cduff (london, 1987), pp 158–71

29 rgia, f 1263, op 1, d 415 (1825), ll 296, 298; rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 414 (1825), l 1; rgia, f 1286, op 7, d 341 (1840), l 30; gaio, f 32, op 1, d 199 (1877), l 2; vsenko, ‘ugolovnaia ssylka’, p 66; l l’sh [p f iakubovich], v o katorzhnika (st petersburg, 1896), p 14

30 rgia, f 1286, op 7, d 377 (1840), l 71; vsenko, ‘ugolovnaia ssylka’, p 299

31 garf, f 109, 1 eksp, op 8, d 357 (1833), l 15; rgia, f 1286, op 7, d 377 (1840), l 38

32 andrew a ntes, exile, stoke, 2010), p 52; rgia, f 1286, op 10, d 1428 (1846), ll 15–22

33 gatovgt, f 152, op 39, d 114 (1864), l 4

34 ‘arestanty v sibiri’, pp 139–40, 149

35 rgia, f 1286, op 22, d 925 (1861), ll 10–12

36 rgia, f 1286, op 22, d 925 (1861), ll 13–13 ob; rgia, f 468, op 20, d 1198 (1855), ll 1–6; rgia, f 1286, op 24, d 941 (1863), ll 1–2; rgia, f 1286, op 29, d 771 (1868), l 10

37 rgia, f 1286, op 29, d 771 (1868), ll 19–20; rgia, f 1286, op 9, d 719 (1844), ll 1–2, 17–18 1875年，下诺夫哥罗德—秋明高速路巡视员报告过在流放队伍中囚犯被分到的烂鱼。see rgia, f 1286, op 36, d 686 (1875), l 14

38 a , p 14; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 151–2

39 andrew a ntes, ‘vagabonda and the tsarist siberian exile syste: power and resistance the penal ndscape’, central asian survey , vol 30, nos 3–4 (2011), p 410

40 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 179

41 a , p 3

42 ‘tav ob etapakh v sibirskikh guberniiakh’, no 61; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 176; a , pp 17–18

43 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 276; gatovgt, f i376, op 1, d 56 (1848), ll 38–40

44 fyodor dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , trans david cduff (london, 2003), pp 99–102 [transtion odified]

45 kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 1, pp 391–2

46 gaio, f 24, op 3, k 2, d 23 (1827), l 9; rgia, f 1149, op 2, d 99 (1838), l 6; rgia, f 1286, op 8, d 1086 (1843), l 6; rgia, f 1286, op 7, d 341 (1840), l 112 ob; rgia, f 383, op 29, d 924 (1806), l 28; rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 51 (1828), ll 187–8 ob; polnoe branie zakonov rossiiskoi iperii ii (55 vols), vol 3, no 2286; vol 4, no 3377; vol 28, section 1, no 27736; a d olis, ‘ldaty-dekabristy v petropavlovskoi kreposti i sibirskoi ssylke’, ide, tiur’a i ssylka v iperatorskoi rossii: issledovaniia i arkhivnye nakhodki (osw, 1995), p 73

47 rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 71 (1835), l 150

3 折断的剑

1 i d iakhk, uary, stat’i, dokunty (irkutsk, 1993), p 151; s p trubetskoi, aterialy o zhizni i revoliutsionnoi deiatel’nosti , 2 vols (irkutsk, 1983–7), vol 1, pp 281–2; , 1904), p 14; n iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha v tiur’, 1872), p 537; a n urav’ev, cheniia i pis’a (irkutsk, 1986), p 263

2 n v basarg, zapiski (krasnoyarsk, 1985), p 79

3 allin bkely, ‘aht the era of the french revotion’, the rsian review , vol 52, no 4 (october 1993), pp 451–71; orndo fis, natasha’s dance: a cultural history of rsia (london, 2002), pp 74–5; krista agnew, ‘the french revotionary fence on the rsian decebrists’, nrtiurandhaye, les déceénération républicae en rsie autocratie (paris, 2011), pp 74–8

4 g a riié en alleennadii nevelev (ed), dekabristskii kontekst (st petersburg, 2012), p 33; richard stites, the four horse to liberty post-napoleonic europe (oxford, 2014), pp 256–7; fis, natasha’s dance , pp 84–5; lewood cliffs, nj, 1966), ch 2

5 v dovnar-zapol’skii, idealy dekabristov (osw, 1907), p 94

6 cited theophis prois, rsian ciety and the greek revotion (dekalb, il, 1994), p 47; stites, the four horsea, ‘spa and the decebrists’, european studies review , vol 3, no 2 (1973), pp 141–56

7 andrzej walicki, philophy and roantic nationalis: the case of pond (oxford, 1982), pp 33, 81; frankl walker, ‘pond the decey of revotion’, polish review , vol 15, no 2 (sprg 1970), pp 43–54

8 s g volkonskii, zapiski (irkutsk, 1991), p 383

9 v a fedorov (ed), ‘arest dekabristov’, vestnik o universiteta seriia viii: istoriia , vol 5 (1985), pp 59–71

10 stites, the four horsen , pp 293–314

11 anatole azour, the first rsian revotion, 1825: the decenificance (stanford, 1937), ch 8; grandhaye, les décebristes , ch 7

12 aleksander phk, eune oneg (1833), trans stanley itchell (london, 2008), p 213

13 azour, the first rsian revotion , ch 4; patrick o’ara, the decestoke, 2003), ch 6; glynn r v barratt (ed), voices exile: the decebrist , ‘the decebrists and the ncept of a civic nation’, nationalities papers , vol 35, no 2 (randhaye, les décebristes , ch 6; raeff, the decebrist ovent , chs 4–6 关于19世纪初对爱国主义的广泛讨论，参见 aurizio viroli, for love of untry: an essay on patriotis and nationalis (oxford, 1995)。

14 w bruce lln, nichos i: eton, , 1978), p 79; fis, natasha’s dance , pp 72–3; stites, the four horsen , p 256

15 n , 1914), p 122

16 pav iller, the transforton, , 1998); san k orrissey, suicide and the body politic ie, 2006), pp 11–12; richard s wortan, scenarios of power: yth and cereony rsian onarchy , 2 vols (prceton, 1995), vol 1, ch 9

17 ‘‘gosudar’! ispoveduiu tebe iako boiashchiisia boga’, istoricheskii arkhiv , 2006, no 1, pp 166–7, 174

18 irli ran, f 57, op 5, n 2, ll 27, 273; b syroechkovskii, ‘iz zapik nikoia i o 14 dekabria 1825 g’, krasnyi arkhiv , 1924, no 4, pp 230–31; n f karash, kniaz’ seri volkonskii: istoriia zhizni dekabrista (irkutsk, 2006), pp 161–2

19 roan koropeckyj, ada ickiewicz: the life of a roantic (ithaca, 2008), p 72

20 n k shil’der, io zhizn’ i tsarstvovanie , 2 vols (st petersburg, 1897), vol 1, pp 453–4

21 a i rtsen, ‘byloe i duy’, branie chenii , 30 vols (osw, 1954–65), vol 8, p 61; ‘anifest 13 iulia 1826’, nevelev (ed), dekabristskii kontekst , p 25

22 ‘kazn’ 14 iiulia 1825 goda’, poliarnaia zvezda , 1861, no 6, pp 72–5; azour, the first rsian revotion , p 213

23 n raazanov, ‘kazn’ dekabristov rasskazy vrennikov’, rskii arkhiv , 1881, no 2, pp 341–6; dos, ‘the spectacle of the scaffold: perforance and subversion the execution of the decebrists’, arc levitt and tatyana novikov (eds), tis of trouble: violence rsian literature and culture (adin, wi, 2007), pp 42–56 事实上，正是因为死刑在约七十年的时间里基本没有使用过，所以俄国必须要从瑞典找来专业绞刑执行人；俄国国内没有绞刑执行人。ikhail zetl, the decebrists (new york, 1958), p 277

24 ‘anifest 13 iulia 1826’, nevelev (ed), dekabristskii kontekst , p 25

25 v bokov (ed), dekabristy i ikh vreradskoi sektsii po izucheniiu dekabristov i ikh vreertsen, ‘byloe i duo , vol 1: do sibiri (petrograd, 1918), p xix; raeff, the decebrist ovent , p 163

26 jaces-fran&231;ois ancelot, six ois en rsie: lettres écrites à x-b sates en 1826 (paris, 1827), pp 411–12

27 irli ran, f 57, op 1, n 61, ll 27, 42

28 nikita (arf, f 1153, op 1, d 135 (1825), l 1 沃尔孔斯基表达了相似的懊恼之情。see o popova, ‘istoriia zhizni n volkonskoi’, zven’ia , nos 3–4 (osw, 1934), p 54

29 nikoi nekrav, ‘rskie zhenshchy’, branie chenii v vos’i toakh , 8 vols (osw, 1965–7), vol 3, pp 21–87; christe suthernd, the prcess of siberia: the story of aria volkonsky and the decebrist exiles (london, 1984); anatole azour, won exile: wives of the decebrists (talhassee, fl, 1975); ikhail fil, ariia volkonskaia: ‘utaennaia liubov’ phka (osw, 2006)

30 trubetskoi, aterialy , vol 1, pp 110, 112, 166, 177, 204–5

31 fil, ariia volkonskaia , pp 143–53

32 popova, ‘istoriia zhizni n volkonskoi’, pp 28–60; suthernd, the prcess of siberia , p 108

33 e anisiov, dyba i knut: politicheskii sysk i rskoe obshchestvo v xviii veke (osw, 1999), pp 621–30

34 iu lotan, ‘dekabrist v povsednevnoi zhizni’, ideo dvorianstva (xviii–nachalo xix veka) (st petersburg, 2011), pp 353–4

35 basarg, zapiski , p 39; volkonskaia, zapiski , p 10

36 popova, ‘istoriia zhizni n volkonskoi’, p 36; irli ran, f 57, op 5, n 2, l 203

37 popova, ‘istoriia zhizni n volkonskoi’, pp 42–3

38 volkonskaia, zapiski , p 20

39 v a fedotov (ed), ‘krestnyi put’ dekabristov v sibir’: dokuu i v ssylku i ob loviiakh ikh derzhaniia 1826–1837 gg’, istoricheskii arkhiv , 2006, no 6, p 48; d i zavalish, zapiski dekabrista , 2nd edn (st petersburg, 1906), p 249

40 ‘vospoeniia petrovicha obolenskogo’, v a fedotov (ed), orbachevskii, ‘zapiski’, a s nezer (ed), uary dekabristov (osw, 1988), p 395; a e rozen, zapiski dekabrista (leipzig, 1870), p 197

41 zavalish, zapiski , p 255

42 basarg, zapiski , p 52; , p 215; b e syroechkovskii, oda i vosstanie dekabristov v uarakh i perepiske chlenov tsarskoi se’i (osw, 1926), p 62; trubetskoi, aterialy , vol 1, pp 113–14; iakhk, uary , p 177; barratt (ed), voices exile , p 19; karash, kniaz’ seri volkonskii , p 170

43 a d olis, ‘etapirovanie dekabristov v sibir’’, ide, tiur’a i ssylka v iperatorskoi rossii issledovaniia i arkhivnye nakhodki (osw, 1995), p 60; fedotov (ed), ‘krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, p 49

44 k azadovskii (ed), vospoaniia bestuzhevykh (osw, 1951), pp 139, 140, 142; fedotov (ed), ‘krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, p 52; p e shchegolev, ‘dekabristy na puti v sibir’: po neizdannyazety den’ , 1914, pp 4–5

45 , 1830), p 4; barratt (ed), voices exile , p 209; fedotov (ed), ‘krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, p 52

46 n i lorer, ‘zapiski o vreni: vospoanie o proshlo’, nezer (ed), urary dekabristov , p 397

47 fedotov (ed), ‘krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, p 52; basarg, zapiski , p 99

48 zavalish, zapiski , p 256; s v kodan, sibirskaia ssylka dekabristov (irkutsk, 1983), p 100; fedotov (ed), ‘krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, p 49; t a pertseva, ‘nakazanie dekabristov: dolzhenstvuihchee i real’noe’, sibirskaia ssylka (irkutsk, 2011), no 6 (18), p 117

49 a fonviz, cheniia i pis’, zapiski , p 98; s v , 1900), p 392

50 basarg, zapiski , p 99

51 entes, exile, stoke, 2010), pp 86–7

52 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 189; fyodor dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , trans david cduff (london, 2003), pp 95–6; l l’sh [p f iakubovich], v o katorzhnika (st petersburg, 1896), p 16

53 v p kolesnikov, ‘zapiski neschastnogo, derzhashchie puteshestvie v sibir’ po kanatu’, zaria , 1869, no 4, pp 57–8, 60–63; rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), l 124 ob

54 kolesnikov, ‘zapiski neschastnogo’, no 5, pp 22, 25–6, 30

55 wortan, scenarios of power , vol 1, ch 9

56 ‘tav o ssyl’nykh’, nos 758–9, uchrezhdenie dlia upravleniia sibirskikh gubernii (st petersburg, 1822); garf, f 109, 1 eksp, op 1, d 61, ch 3 (1826), ll 6–7 19世纪70年代，这些规定仍然阻止着跟随丈夫来到涅尔琴斯克的妇女返回俄国欧洲部分。see rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 334 (1877), l 1

57 ‘dnevnik anastasii vasil’evny iakhkoi’, novyi ir , 1964, no 12, pp 138–59; iakhk, arf, f 109, 1 eksp, op 1, d 61, ch 56 (1826), ll 6–7, 11, 18

58 b l volkonskii v katorzhnoi rabote v bgodatskorad, 1926), pp 340, 346

59 volkonskii’, p 351; volkonskaia, zapiski , p 15; fil, ariia volkonskaia , p 172

60 suthernd, the prcess of siberia , p 124; w bruce lln, the nest of a ntent: siberia and the rsians (ithaca, 1994), pp 174–5; fis, natasha’s dance , p 92; volkonskaia, zapiski , p 15 关于尼古拉一世的命令，参见 garf, f 109, 1 eksp, op 1, d 61, ch 3 (1826), ll 6–7; ershenzon (ed), ‘pis’a kn n volkonskoi iz sibiri, 1827–1831’, rskie propilei (arf, f 1146, op 1, d 2028 (1826), l 7; popova, ‘istoriia zhizni n volkonskoi’, p 58。

61 s wiln, ‘the yth of otherhood a ’, cial history , vol 9, no 2 (1984), pp 81–98; p d jiack, ‘the paradox of phie and julie: nteporary responses to roseau’s ideal wife and ideal hteenth-century france (london, 1979), pp 152–65; carol duncan, ‘happy others and other new ideas french art’, art bullet , vol 55, no 4 (1973), pp 570–83; do: noblewon and the ntrol of property rsia, 1700–1861 (ithaca, 2002), pp 197–204; ide, ‘“the poetics of everyday behavior” revisited’, kritika: explorations rsian and eurasian history , vol 11, no 4 (fall 2010), p 715; fis, natasha’s dance , pp 120–21

62 volkonskii’, p 358

63 popova, ‘istoriia zhizni olev, ‘iz razyskanii v obsti biografii i teksta phka’, phk i ego vre frizan, dekabristy i rskaia literatura (be sibirskikh rud”: siberia and the alya dint and yuri slezke (eds), beeen heaven and hell: the yth of siberia rsian cultur e (new york, 1993), pp 95–100

64 alexander s phk, ‘e to siberia’, trans an yers, ide, the plete works of alexander phk , 15 vols (ed i sproat et al) (downha arket, 1999), vol 3, p 42

65 o tolkovateli: rtsen i ogarev protiv barona korfa (osw, 1994); s e erlikh, istoriia , 2006); stites, the four horsen , pp 328–9

66 o’ara, the decebrist pavel pestel , pp 124–38; k f iziano, ‘ital’ianskoe rirdzhinto i peredovoe obshchestvennoe dvizhenie v rossii xix veka’, rossiia i italiia: iz istorii rsko-ital’ianskikh kul’turnykh i obshchestvennykh otnoshenii (osw, 1986), p 97; b s shostakovich, ‘politicheskie ssyl’nye poliaki i dekabristy v sibiri’, ssyl’nye revoliutsionery v sibiri (xix v—fevral’ 1917) , no 1 (irkutsk, 1973), pp 245–53

67 basarg, zapiski, pp 77–8; dos, the decestoke, 2009), pp 15–23, 31

4 涅尔琴斯克的矿山

1 willia xe, travels to pond, rsia, sweden and denark , 4th edn, 5 vols (london, 1792), vol 3, pp 436–7; i v shcheglov, khronologicheskii perechen’ vazhneishikh dannykh iz istorii sibiri: 1032–1882 gg (irkutsk, 1883), pp 67–8; l a puliaevskii, ocherk po istorii g nerchska (nerchsk, 1929), pp 6–7; e anisiov, dyba i knut: politicheskii sysk i rskoe obshchestvo v xviii veke (entes, exile to siberia, 1590–1822 (basgstoke, 2008), pp 101, 108, 125

2 rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 53 (1829), ll 161 ob–4; rgia, f 468, op 20, d 668 (1829), ll 36, 70; s v , 1900), pp 52–3; grigorii spasskii, ‘vzgliad na dauriiu i v obennosti na nerchskie gornye zavody v 1820’, sibirskii vestnik , vol 9 (1823), p 107

3 , 1904), p 44

4 ‘novye svedeniia o prebyvanii vos’odakh’, istoricheskii vestnik , vol 45, no 7 (1891), p 223; glynn r v barratt (ed), voices exile: the decebrist oirs (ontreal, 1974), p 229; p trunev, ‘dekabristy v nerchskikh rudnikakh’, istoricheskii vestnik , vol 97, no 8 (1897), pp 492–4; volkonskaia, zapiski , p 144

5 b l volkonskii v katorzhnoi rabote v bgodatskorad, 1926), p 346

6 olovskii, ‘dekabrist kniaz’ e p obolenskii’, istoricheskii vestnik , 1890, no 8, pp 120–21; barratt (ed), voices exile , p 232

7 gaio, f 24, op 3, k 49, d 297 (1826), l 33; garf, f 109, op 1, 1 eksp, d 61, ch 1 (1826), l 36

8 barratt (ed), voices exile , pp 230–31; ‘novye svedeniia o prebyvanii vos’i dekabristov’, p 227

9 f g safronov, ‘ssylka v vostochnuiu sibir’ v pervoi polove xviii v’, l a v sibiri (xviii—nachalo xx v) (novosibirsk, 1975), pp 30–32

10 volkonskaia, zapiski , p 46

11 ibid, pp 48, 72

12 ershenzon (ed), ‘pis’a n volkonskoi iz sibiri 1827–1831’, rskie propilei (osw, 1915), p 42

13 volkonskaia, zapiski , p 144

14 trunev, ‘dekabristy v nerchskikh rudnikakh’, pp 492–4

15 volkonskaia, zapiski , pp 50–52, 144; ‘novye svedeniia o prebyvanii’, p 223; barratt (ed), voices exile , p 231; golovskii, ‘dekabrist kniaz’ e p obolenskii’, p 121; s f koval’ (ed), k rossii liubov’iu goria: dekabristy v vostochno zabaikal’e (irkutsk, 1976), p 17

16 rgia, f 468, op 20, d 668 (1829), l 27; john dundas chrane, narrative of a pedestrian journey through rsia and siberian tartary fro the frontiers of cha to the frozen sea and ka the years 1820, 1821, 1822, and 1823 , 2 vols (edburgh, 1829), vol 2, p 111

17 spasskii, ‘vzgliad na dauriiu’, pp 81–2; a , p 54

18 rgia, f 468, op 20, d 669 (1829), ll 40–43; a, pp 56–7

19 rgia, f 1149, op 2, d 99 (1838), ll 3–6

20 a , p 49; l l’sh [p f iakubovich], v o katorzhnika (st petersburg, 1896), pp 79–80

21 l’sh [iakubovich], v ire otverzhennykh , p 57; ‘arestanty v sibiri’, vrennik , 1863, no 11, p 159

22 rgia, f 1286, op 10, d 1353 (1847), l 59; l’sh [iakubovich], v olovnaia ssylka v zapadnuiu sibir’ v politike saoderzhaviia xix veka’, kandidatskaia diss (osk state university, 2008), p 157; v i sevskii, rabochie na sibirskikh zolotykh pro, 1898), vol 1, p 305

23 rgia, f 468, op 20, d 667 (1827), l 272

24 gaio, f 24, op 3, k 5, d 82 (1831), ll 28–28 ob

25 rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 609 (1833), ll 2, 9; rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), l 18; rgia, f 468, op 19, d 291 (1847), ll 5–7; rgia, f 468, op 21, d 16 (1857), l 22; rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), l 336 ob

26 rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 382 (1808), l 1; rgia, f 1263, op 1, d 52 (1813), ll 416–17; rgia, f 468, op 20, d 543 (1818), ll 1–2; rgia, f 468, op 19, d 547 (1828), ll 4, 14, 22–3

27 sevskii, rabochie na sibirskikh zolotykh proyskh , vol 1, p 322

28 rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), l 45 ob; rgia, f 468, op 20 (326/487), d 625 (1828), ll 1–3

29 rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 51 (1828), ll 11–12 ob; rgvia, f 410, op 1, d 71 (1827), l 2; rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), ll 10 ob–11 与清朝边界毗邻是东西伯利亚管理人员的长久难题，因为罪犯为逃脱俄国的抓捕，一再试图逃过边界。see rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 53 (1829), ll 134–6; rgia, f 1286, op 7, d 334 (1840), ll 1–11

30 gaio, f 24, op 3, k 2, d 23 (1827), ll 2, 9, 26–7, 31, 111, 116–17 ob 1835年有一次类似的告发：gaio, f 24, op 3, d 268 (1835), ll 22–3, 48。

31 a e rozen, zapiski dekabrista (leipzig, 1870), p 197; d i zavalish, zapiski dekabrista , 2nd edn (st petersburg, 1906), p 250

32 olga chayanova, teatr addoksa v oskve 1776–1805 (osw, 1927)

33 loo avantiurista xix veka [1930] (osw, 2000), pp 58, 71

34 a a orlov, ‘“spasitel” otechestva’ roan doks—uznik dvukh iperatorov’, voprosy istorii , 2002, no 12, p 147; iu ogol’ (osw, 1988), pp 315–16

35 k azadovskii (ed), vospoaniia bestuzhevykh (osw, 1951), p 145

36 garf, f 109, 1 eksp, d 61, ch 1 (1826), ll 136–9

37 rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), ll 1 ob–2, 48 ob

38 daniel beer, ‘decebrists, rebels and artyrs siberian exile: the ‘zerentui nspiracy’ of 1828 and the fashiong of a revotionary nealogy’, svic review , vol 72, no 3 (autun 2013), pp 528–51

39 rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), l 159

40 rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), ll 52 ob, 55–7 ob

41 rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), ll 158 ob, 70 ob, 68

42 garf, f 109, 1 eksp, d 61, ch 154 (1826), ll 1–8

43 [v n lov’ev], ‘i i sukhov od iz dekabristov’, rskii arkhiv , 1870, nos 4–5, pp 918–19; iu g oksan, ‘v n lov’ev, zapiska o i i sukhove’, ide (ed), vospo , 2 vols (via, f 36, op 4, sv 17, d 132 (1826), ll 4–5 ob; iu g oksan, ‘poika poruchika i i sukhova’, b l oksan (eds), dekabristy: neizdannye aterialy i stat’i (o ubernatoru’, rskaia stara , 1899, no 6, p 586; b brazilevskii (ed), gosudarstvennye prestupleniia v rossii v xix veke sbornik izvlechennykh iz ofitsial’nykh izdanii pravitel’stvennykh obshchenii , 3 vols (st petersburg, 1906), vol 1, p 65; o polka’, rskii arkhiv , 1902, no 2, pp 298–301; ‘vosstanie chernigovskogo polka v pokazaniiakh uchastnikov’, krasnyi arkhiv , vol 13 (1925), pp 1–67

44 iu g okso vospoaniia’, ozdalevskii and oksan (eds), dekabristy , pp 16–17; b a kurak, ‘dekabristy na puti v sibir’’, aio, f 24, op 3, k 49, d 282 (1829), ll 5–6; t a pertseva, ‘nakazanie dekabristov: dolzhenstvuihchee i real’noe’, sibirskaia ssylka: sbornik statei (irkutsk, 2011), no 6 (18), pp 119–22

45 rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), ll 76, 80–81 ob; 161–2

46 rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), ll 61 ob–63 ob; 69 ob

47 rgvia, f 410, op 1, d 71 (1827), ll 4–4 ob; rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), ll 45 ob, 148 ob; ovor v zerentuisko rudnike’, krasnyi arkhiv , vol 13 (1925), p 260

48 rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), ll 48, 150; rgia, f 468, op 20, d 670 (1829), ll 60 ob–61

49 rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), ll 48 ob, 49 ob; john p ledonne, ‘crireat refors’, rsian history , vol 1, no 2 (1974), p 111 see, for exaple, l’sh [iakubovich], v ire otverzhennykh , pp 334–5

50 rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), ll 55–7, 64, 66–7, 150–150 ob

51 nechka, ‘zagovor v zerentuiskoia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), ll 27, 43 ob, 114–15 ob; kolovskii, ‘iperator nikoi i v voenno-sudnykh konfiratsiiakh’, rskaia stara , oct–dec 1905, pp 397–420

52 john p ledonne, ‘the adistration of ilitary jtice under nichos i’, cahiers du onde rse et viétie , vol 13, no 2 (1972), p 183 这样的做法在整个19世纪持续进行。see sauel kucherov, urts, wyers, and trials under the st three tsars (new york, 1953); sauel kutscheroff, ‘adistration of jtice under nichos i of rsia’, arican svic and east european review , vol 7, no 2 (april 1948), p 128; polnoe branie zakonov rossiiskoi iovora sukhova’, byloe , 1906, no 8, p 131

53 ‘k istorii zagovora sukhova’, pp 130–35

54 uchrezhdenie dlia upravleniia bol’shoi deistvuihchei aru zagovora i i sukhova’, byloe , 1906, no 5, pp 37–8

55 rgia, f 468, op 19, d 547 (1828), l 30

56 rgia, f 468, op 25, d 244 (1828), l 132

57 [lov’ev], ‘i i sukhov’, pp 920, 926

58 [i i gorbachevskii], ‘zapiski neizvestnogo iz obshchestva edennykh svian’, rskii arkhiv , 1882, no 1, pp 435–554; ‘zapiski barona andreia evnievicha rozena’, otechestvennye zapiski , 1876, no 3, p 48; ‘vospoaniia atveia ivanovicha urav’eva-aposto’, rskaia stara , 1886, no 5, p 535; volkonskaia, zapiski , p 86; ‘rasskazy praskov’i egorovny annenkovoi’, rskaia stara , 1888, no 4, p 374 只有扎瓦利申怀疑根本不曾有密谋：ditrii zavalish, zapiski dekabrista , 2nd edn (st petersburg, 1906), p 287。

5 民主共和国

1 ‘neizdannaia rukopis’ dekabrista n v basarga’, kata i ssylka , 1925, no 5, p 164; k azadovskii (ed), vospoaniia bestuzhevykh (osw, 1951), pp 248, 313–14

2 offrey hoskg, rsia: people and ee, a, 1998), p 144; w bruce lln, nichos i: eton, , 1978), ch 4; nichos v riasanovsky, nichos i and official nationality rsia, 1825–1855 (berkeley, 1959)

3 nichos v riasanovsky, a partg of the ways: governnt and the educated public rsia, 1801–1855 (oxford, 1976)

4 , 1904), p 70; andrei rozen, zapiski dekabrista (leipzig, 1870), pp 218–19; garf, f 109, 1 eksp, d 61, ch 1 (1826), l 140; ershenzon (ed), ‘pis’a n volkonskoi iz sibiri’, rskie propilei (osw, 1915), p 44

5 azadovskii (ed), vospoaniia bestuzhevykh , p 248; rozen, zapiski , p 221; n v basarg, zapiski (krasnoyarsk, 1985), p 111

6 volkonskaia, zapiski , pp 42–4

7 rshenzon (ed), ‘pis’a n volkonskoi’, p 55

8 volkonskaia, zapiski , pp 76–8

9 v a fedotov (ed), ‘krestnyi put’ dekabristov v sibir’: dokuu i v ssylku i ob loviiakh ikh derzhaniia 1826–1837 gg’, istoricheskii arkhiv , 2006, no 6, pp 52–3; a d kolesnikov, ‘ssylka i zaselenie sibiri’, l a v sibiri xviii-nachalo xx v (novosibirsk, 1975), p 52

10 d i zavalish, zapiski dekabrista , 2nd edn (st petersburg, 1906), pp 264–5 see al basarg, zapiski , p 113

11 i d iakhk, olovskii, ‘dekabrist kniaz’ e p obolenskii’, istoricheskii vestnik , 1890, no 8, p 126

12 v a fedotov (ed), ‘‘u nas nikakikh sviazei s vneshni iro’: pis’’, istoricheskii arkhiv , 1993, no 1, pp 188–9

13 fedotov (ed), ‘krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, pp 52–3; f g safronov, ‘ssylka v vostochuiu sibir’ v pervoi polove xviii v’, gorihk (ed), ssylka i kata , pp 31–2; andrew a ntes, exile, stoke, 2010), p 93

14 iakhk, uary , pp 187–8; rozen, zapiski , pp 215, 221, 235

15 azadovskii (ed), vospoaniia bestuzhevykh , p 198

16 rozen, zapiski , p 223

17 basarg, zapiski , pp 115–16

18 jeanne haskett, ‘decebrist n a bestuzhev siberian exile, 1826–55’, studies roanticis , vol 4, no 4 (sur 1965), p 190

19 n kuchaev, ‘stanisv roanovich leparsky, kood’, rskaia stara , vol 28 (augt 1880), p 717; glynn r v barratt (ed), voices exile: the decebrist oirs (ontreal, 1974), p 242

20 ‘pis’a n volkonskoi’, pp 28, 37, 40, 75–6

21 s ssen and a predtechenskii (eds), vospoaniia poly annenkovoi (osw, 1929), chs 4–10

22 volkonskaia, zapiski , p 74; basarg, zapiski , p 128

23 volkonskaia, zapiski , p 78

24 o popova, ‘istoriia zhizni n volkonskoi’, zven’ia , vol 3–4 (osw, 1934), pp 66–7; s volkonskii, o dekabristakh: po sey vospoaniia (paris, 1921), p 84

25 a d olis, ‘pis’a zhen dekabristov a kh benkendorfu’, ide, tiur’a i ssylka v iperatorskoi rossii issledovaniia i arkhivnye nakhodki (osw, 1995), p 80 iakhk, uary , pp 178, 188; popova, ‘istoriia zhizni n volkonskoi’, p 71

26 ssen and predtechenskii (eds), vospoaniia poly annenkovoi , pp 161–3

27 ‘perekhod dekabristov iz chity v petrovskii zavod’, b l oksan (eds), dekabristy: neizdannye , zapiski , p 137

28 basarg, zapiski , p 141; azadovskii (ed), vospoaniia bestuzhevykh , pp 166, 335; barratt (ed), voices exile , p 274

29 olis, ‘pis’a zhen dekabristov’, pp 82, 86–7

30 ibid, p 84

31 iakhk, uary , pp 203, 213–14

32 a rakhatull, ‘iperator nikoi i i se’i dekabristov’, otechestvennye zapiski , 1995, no 6, pp 3–20

33 a i rtsen, ‘byloe i duy’, branie chenii , 30 vols (osw, 1954–65), vol 8, p 59

34 poes by nikoi nekrav , trans juliet skice (oxford, 1938), p 82; anna biel, ‘nikoi nekrav’s representation of the decebrist wives’, atralian svonic and east european studies , vol 25, nos 1–2 (2011), pp 39–59

35 kh, ‘zheny dekabristov’, istoricheskii vestnik , vol 18 (1884), pp 650–83; p e shchegolev, ‘zheny dekabristov’, ide, 1913); nikoi nekrav, ‘rskie zhenshchy’, branie chenii , 8 vols (osw, 1965–7), vol 3, pp 27, 40; iu lotan, ‘dekabrist v povsednevnoi zhizni’ ideo dvorianstva (xviii–nachalo xix veka) (st petersburg, 2011), pp 353–4

36 vera figner, ‘zheny dekabristov’, kata i ssylka , vol 21 (1925), p 18

37 golovskii, ‘dekabrist kniaz’ e p obolenskii’, pp 124–5

38 popova, ‘istoriia zhizni ia, f 914, op 1, d 38 (1848), l 1; n f karash, kniaz’ seri volkonskii: istoriia zhizni dekabrista (irkutsk, 2006), pp 244–5; irli ran, f 57, op 1, n 61, l 42; o’, zapiski otde rukopisei gosudarstvennoi biblioteki sssr , 1961, no 24, p 371; basarg, zapiski , p 233

39 azadovskii (ed), vospoaniia bestuzhevykh , p 146

40 basarg, zapiski , pp 211–12

41 karash, kniaz’ seri volkonskii , p 215; basarg, zapiski , pp 144–5; julie grandhaye, les déceénération républicae en rsie autocratie (paris, 2011), pp 277–8

42 fedotov (ed), ‘“u nas nikakikh sviazei” ’, p 186

43 rozen, zapiski , p 230; basarg, zapiski , p 165; o s tal’skaia, ‘ssyl’nye dekabristy o vneshnei politike rossii vtoroi chetverti xix v’, sibir’ i dekabristy , no 2 (1981), pp 28–9; t a pertseva, ‘pol’skii vopros v publitsistike s na’, sibir’ i dekabristy , no 2 (1981), pp 46–53; zavalish, zapiski , p 268

44 haskett, ‘decebrist n a bestuzhev’, p 189; zavalish, zapiski , pp 268–9 讽刺的是，卢梭写过大量植物学方面的文字。see j-j roseau, letters on the elents of botany (1787)

45 glynn r barratt, ‘a note on n a bestuzhev and the acadey of chita’, canadian svonic papers , vol 12, no 1 (1970), p 56; zavalish, zapiski , p 269; rozen, zapiski , p 231; a p beliaev, vospoaniia dekabrista o perezhito i perechuvstvovanno (krasnoyarsk, 1990), p 170

46 s i cherepanov, ‘otryvki iz vospoo kazaka’, drevniaia i novaia rossiia (1876), vol 2, p 267 (cited barratt, ‘a note on n a bestuzhev’, p 59); grandhaye, les décebristes , pp 275–6

47 v nechka (ed), zapiski dekabrista n i lorera (osw, 1931), p 148; haskett, ‘n a bestuzhev’, pp 191–2; golovskii, ‘dekabrist kniaz’ e p obolenskii’, p 126; rshenzon (ed), ‘pis’a n volkonskoi’, p 68

48 n a bestuzhev, cheniia i pis’a (irkutsk, 2003), pp 245–6

49 v n dvorianov, v sibirskoi dal’nei storone…(ocherki istorii politicheskoi kati i ssylki 60-e gody xviii v—1917 g) (sk, 1985), p 56

50 zavalish, zapiski , pp 272, 333, 314, 347

51 barratt, ‘a note on n a bestuzhev’, p 57; anatole azour, the first rsian revotion 1825: the decenificance (stanford, 1937), p 246

52 azadovskii (ed), vospoaniia bestuzhevykh , pp 220, 232; zavalish, zapiski , pp 362–5; n o nkasterskaia shko’, uchenye zapiski o stituta , 1941, vol 2, no 1, pp 33–96; azour, the first rsian revotion , pp 244–6

53 karash, kniaz’ seri volkonskii , pp 233–90; azour, the first rsian revotion , p 247

54 barratt, ‘a note on n a bestuzhev’, p 58; o s tal’skaia, ‘bor’ba adorihk (ed), ssylka i kata , p 90; d i zavalish, ‘aosudarstvo’, rskaia stara , 1881, no 9, pp 75–100; zavalish, zapiski , pp 389–424; azour, the first rsian revotion , pp 249–52; o s tal’skaia, ‘ssyl’nye dekabristy’, l orihk (ed), ssylka i obshchestvenno-politicheskaia zhizn’ v sibiri (novosibirsk, 1978), pp 231–51

55 basarg, zapiski , p 217

56 tal’skaia, ‘bor’ba adistratsii’, pp 75, 85; bestuzhev, cheniia , pp 422, 432

57 garf, f 109, eksp, 1, d 61, ch 43 (1826), ll 1–5; glynn r v barratt, the rebel on the brid: a life of the decebrist baron andrey rozen, 1800–1884 (london, 1975), pp 160–63; volkonskii, ‘pis’o’, p 365

58 azadovskii (ed), vospoaniia bestuzhevykh , p 145; k azadovskii (ed), sibir’ i dekabristy (irkutsk, 1925), p 142; barratt (ed), voices exile , p 304; dvorianov, v sibirskoi dal’nei storone , p 58

59 rozen, zapiski , p 262; fedotov (ed), ‘krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, p 55

60 s n, cheniia, pis’a, dokunty (irkutsk, 1988), pp 81–116, 285–8

61 ibid, pp 246, 82, 285

62 ibid, pp 101, 103, 112, 84, 251

63 glynn v r barratt, ue, 1976), pp 112–18; n, cheniia , p 181

64 n, cheniia , pp 293, 372; t a pertseva, ‘dekabrist orihk (ed), ssyl’nye dekabristy v sibiri (novosibirsk, 1985), pp 148–9

65 s v , 1900), p 398; ssen and predtechenskii (eds), vospoaniia poly annenkovoi , p 166; pertseva, ‘dekabrist s n’, p 150

66 gaio, f 24, op 3, k 32, d 67 (1844), l 2; n, cheniia , pp 262–3

67 n, cheniia , pp 262–3, 265, 268, 272, 350, 362; v a d’iakov, ‘srt’ dekabrista na’, voprosy istorii , 1988, no 2, pp 99–106

68 e a iakhk (ed), dekabristy na poselenii (v 1839–1855) (osw, 1926), p 67; dvorianov, v sibirskoi dal’nei storone , p 48

69 trans valente snow john sipn (ed), the oxford book of exile (oxford, 1995), p 80

70 s v kodan, ‘a)’, voprosy istorii , 1982, no 4, pp 178–82; b g kubalov, dekabristy i anistiia (novonikoevsk, 1925); l a kol’skii, ‘vozvrashchenie dekabristov iz sibirskoi ssylki’, iu g oksan (ed), dekabristy v es, natasha’s dance: a cultural history of rsia (london, 2002), p 141; rosaund bartlett, tolstoy: a rsian life (london, 2010), pp 141–8, 165

71 a i rtsen, ‘kniaz’ seri grigor’evich volkonskii’, branie chenii , 30 vols (osw, 1954–65), vol 19, p 16

72 s g volkonskii, ‘iz vospoanii’, i ia shchipanov (ed), izbrannye tsial’no-politicheskie i filofskie proizvedeniia dekabristov , 3 vols (osw, 1951), vol 2, p 265

6 西伯利亚人

1 vtsenty urskii, ‘zapiski iz sibiri’, b s shostakovich (ed), vospoaniia iz sibiri: uary, ocherki, dnevnikovye zapiski pol’skikh politicheskikh ssyl’nykh v vostochnuiu sibir’ pervoi polovy xix stoletiia (irkutsk, 2009), pp 175–83

2 l bol’shakov and v a d’iakov, ‘i eto by pravda strogo dokuo “za chto?” i podlnykh sud’bakh ego nepriduannykh pernazhei’, prostor, 1979, no 7, p 99; andrzej walicki, the enlightennt and the birth of ht fro noble republicanis to tadez ko&347;cizko , trans ea harris (notre da, , 1989), ch 1; andrzej walicki, philophy and roantic nationalis: the case of pond (oxford, 1982), pp 11–30; doast napoleon: the true story of the cans of war and peace (london, 2009), pp 242–328; b p ’, otechestvennaia voa 1812 goda istochniki, paiatniki, probley (ozhaisk, 2009), pp 325–59; s v shvedov, ‘plennye velikoi arii v rossii’, otstuplenie velikoi arii napoleona iz rossii (aloyarosvets, 2000), pp 69–70

3 walicki, philophy and roia, f 733, op 62, d 644 (1823), ll 1–2, 8–9, 12, 30, 38, 57, 138, 155

4 w bruce lln, nichos i: eton, , 1978), pp 135–43

5 r f leslie, polish politics and the revotion of noveber 1830 (westport, ct, 1969), p 155; ada zaoyski, holy adness: roantics, patriots and revotionaries, 1776–1871 (london, 1999), p 276

6 leslie, polish politics , p 155; philippe darriut, les patriotes: gauche républicae et nation 1830–1870 (paris, 2001), ch 3; walicki, philophy and roantic nationalis , pp 78–80; robert e spiller, ‘fenniore oper and fayette: friends of polish freedo, 1830–1832’, arican literature , vol 7, no 1 (1935), pp 58–9; the ties, cria (london, 2010), p 80; joseph ieczerzak, ‘the polish surrection of 1830–1831 the arican press’, the polish review , vol 6, nos 1–2 (1961), pp 53–72; jill hars, barricades: the war of the streets revotionary paris (new york, 2002)

7 r f leslie, ‘polish political divisions and the struggle for power at the begng of the surrection of noveber 1830’, svonic and east european review , vol 31, no 76 (dec 1952), pp 113–32; norround: a history of pond , 2 vols (oxford, 1981), vol 2, pp 315–33

8 a s nagaev, oia, f 1286, op 5, d 483 (1833), l 93; f f bolonev, a a liutsidarskaia and a i shkovoi, ssyl’nye poliaki v sibiri: xvii, xix vv (novosibirsk, 2007), p 61; s v kodan, ‘sibirskaia ssylka uchastnikov oppozitsionnykh vystuplenii i dvizhenii v tsarstve pol’sko (politiko-iuridicheskii srez)’, p [3] (, aessed 15 february 2014)

9 v a d’iakov, ‘petr vytskii na sibirskoi kate (1835–1856), ide and v s bol’shakov (eds), ssyl’nye revotsionery v sibiri (xix v–fevral’ 1917 g) (irkutsk, 1979), p 4

10 s v kodan and b s shostakovich, ‘pol’skaia ssylka v sibir’ vo vnutrennei politike saody), svianovedenie , 1992, no 6, p 4; rgia, f 1286, op 5, d 483 (1833)

11 r f leslie, ‘left-g political tactics pond, 1831–1846’, svonic and east european review , vol 33, no 80 (deceration polonaise en belgie (1831–1870): élites et asses en exil à l’époe roantie (frankfurt, 2013); roan koropeckyj, ada ickiewicz: the life of a roantic (ithaca, 2008), pp 190–91

12 kara nabulsi, ‘patriotis europe’, european journal of political theory , vol 5, no 1 (2006), pp 61–70; rond sarti, ‘gieppe i (eds), gieppe lobalisation of deocratic nationalis, 1830–1920 (oxford, 2008), pp 275–98; walicki, philophy and roantic nationalis , p 81

13 leslie, ‘left-g political tactics pond’, pp 120–39; anna procyk, ‘polish éinto eastern europe’, harvard ukraian studies , vol 25, no 1/2 (sprg 2001), pp 7–29; urskii, ‘zapiski iz sibiri’, pp 71–81

14 urskii, ‘zapiski iz sibiri’, pp 98–9, 107–8, 111; bol’shakov and d’iakov, ‘i eto by pravda’, p 105

15 b s shostakovich, ‘konarshchik ityn’ian ruch’skii’, ide (ed), vospoaniia iz sibiri , pp 302–4; thoas frost, the secret cieties of the european revotion, 1776–1876 , 2 vols (london, 1876), vol 2, pp 255–61; g n o naroda na pravoberezhnoi ukrae v 1835–1839 gg (po o arkhiva)’, sviazi revoliutsionerov rossii i pol’shi xix–nacha xx v (osw, 1968), pp 166–93

16 rgia, f 1286, op 5, d 483 (1833), ll 81–2; bolonev et al, ssyl’nye poliaki v sibiri , p 86; b s shostakovich, istoriia poliakov v sibiri (xvii–xix vv) (irkutsk, 1995), pp 60–62; andrew a ntes, exile, stoke, 2010), p 136

17 b s shostakovich, ‘eva fel’skaia—vidnaia predstavitel’nitsa politssylki poliakov v sibir’ pervoi polovy xix v, obshchestvennyi deiatel’, datsyshen (ed), zhenshcha v istorii rossii xviii–xxi vekov (irkutsk, 2010), p 31; viktoria slivovskaia, ‘sibirskie teni: o pol’skikh zhenshchakh v zhpovstancheskii period ssylki’, sibirskaia ssylka (irkutsk, 2000), no 1 (13), pp 99–102; eva felska, revetions of siberia by a banished dy , trans lonel ch szyra, 2 vols (london, 1852)

18 ntes, exile, urder and adness , pp 133–5; piotr wandycz, the nds of partitioned pond, 1795–1918 (seattle, 1974), pp 125–6; rgia, f 1286, op 5, d 483 (1833), l 1

19 kodan and shostakovich, ‘pol’skaia ssylka v sibir’’, p 4; iu ruch’skii, ‘konarshchik, 1838–1878: vospoaniia o sibirskoi ssylke’, shostakovich (ed), vospoaniia iz sibiri , pp 328, 331

20 shostakovich, istoriia poliakov v sibiri , pp 58–63

21 urskii, ‘zapiski iz sibiri’, pp 119–27, 141

22 anton chekhov, the steppe and other stories, 1887–1891 , trans ronald wilks (london, 2001); ide, ward no 6 and other stories, 1892–1895 , trans ronald wilks (london, 2002); ide and other stories, 1896–1904 , trans ronald wilks (london, 2002); urskii, ‘zapiski iz sibiri’, p 142

23 urskii, ‘zapiski iz sibiri’, pp 147–8

24 ibid, p 149

25 kodan and shostakovich, ‘pol’skaia ssylka v sibir’’, p 7; d fil, ‘pol’skie revoliutsionery v zabaikal’skoi politicheskoi ssylke v 30–40 gg xix v’, l orihk (ed), politicheskie ssyl’nye v sibiri (xviii—nachalo xx v) (novosibirsk, 1983), p 173

26 d’iakov, ‘petr vytskii’, pp 3–30

27 rgia, f 468, op 18, d 489 (1803), ll 1–12; leo tolstoy, the death of ivan ilyich and other stories , trans david cduff (london, 2008), pp 221–32; john p ledonne, ‘the adistration of ilitary jtice under nichos i’, cahiers du onde rse et viétie , vol 13, no 2 (1972), pp 180–91; john keep, ‘no gauntlet for ntlees rsian ilitary w, 1716–1855’, cahiers du onde rse et viétie , vol 34, nos 1–2 (1993), pp 171–92; abby schrader, nguas of the sh: rporal punishnt and identity iia, f 1286, op 9, d 493 (1845), l 29; nagaev, oskoe delo, p 34

28 l orihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri nerchskaia kata , vol 1, no 2 (novosibirsk, 1993), pp 48–9, 100–101; kodan and shostakovich, ‘pol’skaia ssylka v sibir’’, p 8; b s shostakovich, ‘politicheskie ssyl’nye poliaki i dekabristy v sibiri’, ssyl’nye revoliutsionery v sibiri (xix v–fevral’ 1917) , no 1 (irkutsk, 1973), pp 279–80

29 a a ivanov, ‘politicheskie ssyl’nye v vostochnoi sibiri v xix v’, l korytnyi (ed), vkd pol’skikh uchenykh v izuchenie vostochnoi sibiri i ozera baikal (irkutsk, 2011), pp 108–9

30 s v kodan, politicheskaia ssylka v siste karatel’nykh r saoderzhaviia pervoi polovy xix v (irkutsk, 1980), p 71; kodan and shostakovich, ‘pol’skaia ssylka v sibir’’, pp 8–9

31 urskii, ‘zapiski iz sibiri’, pp 160, 177

32 l bol’shakov, ‘delo urskikh: povest’ v dokuntakh’, protei , 1971, vol 8, pp 135–6

33 ibid, pp 139–140

34 urskii, ‘zapiski iz sibiri’, pp 206–11; bol’shakov, ‘delo urskikh’, p 141

35 bol’shakov and d’iakov, ‘i eto by pravda’, pp 112–13

36 ibid, p 117

37 ibid, p 118

38 urskii, ‘zapiski iz sibiri’, pp 262–3

39 ibid, pp 264–9; gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka , p 94

40 v i dal’, ‘ssyl’nyi’, otechestvennye zapiski , 1846, vol 46, no 5, pp 153–6; urski, pao (lviv, 1863); s v , 1900), p 346

41 a , p 356; l n tolstoi, ‘za chto’, ide, polnoe branie chenii , 91 vols (osw, 1928–64), vol 42, pp 84–106

42 b s shostakovich, ‘eti neizvestnye izvestnye urskie’, ide (ed), vospoaniia iz sibiri , p 41

43 gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka , pp 92, 113–17; a , pp 344, 346

44 a , p 346 这样的讨论在19世纪60年代和70年代持续进行。see shostakovich, istoriia poliakov v sibiri , pp 93–4

45 ruch’skii, ‘konarshchik’, p 384

46 s n, cheniia, pis’entes, exile, urder and adness , p 139; f f bolonev (ed), ssyl’nye poliaki v sibiri: xvii, xix vv (novosibirsk, 2007), pp 149–52; kodan and shostakovich, ‘pol’skaia ssylka v sibir’’, p 13

47 richard s wortan, scenarios of power: yth and cereony the rsian entes, ‘siberian exile and the 1863 polish surrectionists aordg to rsian urces’, jahrbucher fur schichte osteuropas , vol 51, no 2 (2003), pp 200, 216; rgia, f 1341, op 51, d 449 (1843), ll 1–3, 10–10 ob

48 gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka , pp 104–5, 108

49 rgia, f 1286, op 10, d 1089 (1846), ll 2–3, 14, 20; s v kodan, ‘anistiia dekabrista (1856)’, voprosy istorii , 1982, no 4, pp 178–82; a , p 346

50 rgia, f 1265, op 9, d 229 (1860), l 2

51 rgia, f 1265, op 9, d 229 (1860), ll 3–3 ob

52 穆拉维约夫被授予“阿穆尔斯基”的头衔，因为他在1858年谈判签订了《瑷珲条约》，根据该条约，清朝将阿穆尔河（黑龙江）流域的控制权让与了俄国。see w bruce lln, the nest of a ntent: siberia and the rsians (ithaca, 1994), pp 190–96

53 rgia, f 1265, op 9, d 229 (1860), ll 3 ob–8

54 d’iakov, ‘petr vytskii’, p 29

55 ruch’skii, ‘konarshchik’, pp 475–6

56 ada ickiewicz, ‘the books of the polish nation and of the polish pilgris of ada ickiewicz , trans jewell parish et al (berkeley, 1925), pp 142–3; zofia stefanowska, ‘roue and universalis , nos 5–6 (2000), pp 31–8; walicki, philophy and roantic nationalis , pp 247–76; serhiy bilenky, roantic nationalis eastern europe: rsian, polish, and ukraian political iations (stanford, 2012), ch 4

57 bov keefer, ‘the fence of ada ickiewicz on the baldes of chop’, arican svic and east european review , vol 5, nos 1–2 (1946), pp 38–50

58 zaoyski, holy adness , pp 291–2

59 art alia, rsia under western eyes: froe, a, 1999), pp 93–4

60 endes déocraties du nord (paris, 1968); walicki, philophy and roantic nationalis , pp 80–81; darriut, les patriotes , ch 3; erv c brody, ‘the 1830 polish uprisg the arian literature’, the polish review , vol 17, no 2 (1972), pp 56–8; zaoyski, holy adness , p 277

61 alia, rsia under western eyes , chs 1–2

62 e f kennan, the aris de cte and his rsia 1839 (london, 1972), pp 19–29

63 astolphe de cte, letters fro rsia , anonyo trans, ed anka uhlste (new york, 2002), p 377

64 kennan, the es, cria , pp 86–99

65 cte, letters fro rsia , p 376

7 刑罚堡

1 w bruce lln, nichos i: eton, , 1978), p 290

2 ‘pokazaniia f o po de petrashevtsev’, krasnyi arkhiv , 1931, no 2, pp 130–46; no 3, pp 160–78; j h seddon, the petrashevtsy: a study of the rsian revotionaries of 1848 (anchester, 1985)

3 joseph frank, dostoevsky: the years of ordeal, 1850–1859 (prceton, 1983), pp 51–2

4 ibid, p 55

5 fyodor dostoevsky, the idiot , trans david cduff (london, 2004), pp 71–2

6 l grosso’, literaturnoe nasledstvo , vols 22–4 (osw, 1935), pp 683–92

7 ‘ v butashevich-petrashevskii v sibiri’, krasnyi arkhiv , vol 10, 1925, p 188; frank, dostoevsky , pp 51–9; grossrazhdanskaia srt’’, p 683

8 n bel’chikov, ‘pis’o iz kreposti’, krasnyi arkhiv , vol 2, 1922, pp 237–8

9 f dostoevskii, ‘pis’rad, 1972–90), vol 28, pp 163–4

10 fyodor dostoevsky, a writer’s diary vo 1, 1873–1876 , trans kenh ntz (evanston, il, 1994), p 130

11 frank, dostoevsky: the years of ordeal , p 73

12 joseph frank, dostoevsky: the stir of liberation, 1860–1865 (prceton, 1986), p 215; l tolstoi, ‘pis’a’, polnoe branie chenii , 91 vols (, dostoevsky’s deocracy (prceton, 2008), pp 72–81

13 gryts’ko [g z eliseev], ‘ugolovnye prestupniki’, vrennik , 1860, vol 74, pp 283–4; v l seroshevskii, ‘ssylka i kata v sibiri’, i s l’nik (ed), sibir’: ee vre, 1908), pp 220–21; frank, dostoevsky: the stir of liberation , pp 214–20; v a zelenskii (ed), kriticheskii koo sbornik kriticheskikh statei , vol 2 (osw, 1901), p 38

14 fyodor dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , trans david cduff (london, 2003), p 27

15 dostoevskii, ‘pis’a’, p 170

16 l l’sh [p f iakubovich], v o katorzhnika (st petersburg, 1896), p 122; s v , 1900), pp 32, 34; e kennan, siberia and the exile syste , 2 vols (new york, 1891), vol 2, pp 145–6

17 dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , pp 29–31; l’sh [iakubovich], v ire otverzhennykh , p 29

18 n iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha v tiur’, 1872), p 57

19 l’sh [iakubovich], v ire otverzhennykh , p 112; dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , p 30; dostoevskii, ‘pis’a’, p 171

20 shii’ (1907), ide, sibirskoe likholeti’e (kerovo, 2007), p 190; na perla, ‘dostoevsky and his polish fellow priners fro the hoe of the dead’, david l ransel and boz˙ena shallcross (eds), polish enunters, rsian identity (blooes of the sh: rporal punishnt and identity iperial rsia (dekalb, il, 2002), p 109; dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , p 50

21 dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , p 93

22 dostoevskii, ‘pis’o turista’, knizhki nedeli , 1895, no 1, pp 126–7; l’sh [iakubovich], v ire otverzhennykh , p 50

23 dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , p 33; l’sh [iakubovich], v ire otverzhennykh , pp 60–61

24 l’sh [iakubovich], v o turista’, 1895, no 3, p 57

25 stephen p frank, cri, cultural nflict and jtice rural rsia, 1856–1917 (berkeley, 1999); christe worobec, possessed: won, witches, and deons iperial rsia (dekalb, il, 2001); christe worobec, ‘horse thieves and peasant jtice post-eancipation iperial rsia’, journal of cial history , vol 21, no 2 (ter 1987), pp 281–93; orndo fis, a people’s trady: the rsian revotion, 1891–1924 (london, 1996), pp 87–9; richard s worto, 1976); daniel beer, renovatg rsia: the huan sciences and the fate of liberal odernity, 1880–1930 (ithaca, 2008), pp 19–21

26 i v efida kazennykh, vokurennykh zavodov, 1848–1853 gg (st petersburg, 1899), p 17; dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , p 231; l’sh [iakubovich], v ire otverzhennykh , p 161

27 l’sh [iakubovich], v ire otverzhennykh , p 60

28 dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , pp 72–3

29 ‘arestanty v sibiri’, vrennik , 1863, no 11, p 162

30 e……v, ‘ocherki, rasskazy i vospoaniia: ssyl’no-katorzhnye v okhotsko levarenno zavode’, rskaia stara , vol 22, 1878, pp 306–7

31 efiaio, f 24, op 2, k 2619, d 233 (1884), ll 62–3

32 a , pp 44–5; dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , pp 86, 94

33 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 64–5, 472–5; v ibaihchie otbrosy rossii na sibirskoi pochve’, rskoe bogatstvo , 1895, no 7, pp 65–6

34 dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , pp 108–9

35 andrew a ntes, ‘“beat the devil!”: prin ciety and anarchy tsarist siberia’, ab ii’, p 180

36 dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , p 66; a , pp 12, 43; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 59–61, 92; ibaihchie’, pp 69–71

37 tokarzhevskii, ‘sei’, p 179; ‘arestanty’, pp 136–7; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 60–61

38 kennan, siberia and the exile systeentes, ‘“beat the devil!” ’, p 214

39 dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , p 84; a , p 41

40 vasilii vv, kratkii ocherk netroistv shchestvuihchikh na kate (st petersburg, 1873), p 4

41 charles henry hawes, the utter the natives and rsian nvicts of the isnd of sakhal, with notes of travel korea, siberia, and anchuria (london, 1904), p 150

42 i p belokonskii, po tiur’a i etapa: ocherki tiurenoi zhizni i putevye zatki ot oskvy do krasnoiarska (oryol, 1887), p 157; dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , pp 84–5; vs doroshevich, sakhal , 2 parts (entes, ‘“beat the devil!” ’, pp 213–14

43 a , p 39; l’sh [iakubovich], v ire otverzhennykh , p 34

44 dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , p 110

45 kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 1, p 391

46 seroshevskii, ‘ssylka i kata v sibiri’, l’nik (ed), sibir’ , p 219; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 152–3; a , p 36

47 a , p 38

48 kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 1, p 391; belokonskii, po tiur’a i etapa , p 155; doroshevich, sakhal , part 1, pp 271–2

49 frank, criedy , pp 95–8

50 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 93–4

51 ibid, p 149

52 a , p 36

53 ‘ocherki nevol’nogo turista’, 1895, no 1, p 131; a , p 43

54 belokonskii, po tiur’a i etapa , p 35

55 ‘arestanty’, p 138

56 dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , p 354

57 ruttenburg, dostoevsky’s deocracy , pp 185–95; joseph frank, dostoevsky: the iraculo years, 1865–1871 (prceton, 1995); ide, dostoevsky: the antle of the prophet, 1871–1881 (prceton, 2002); anna schur, was of evil: dostoevsky and punishnt (evanston, il, 2012)

58 orndo fis, natasha’s dance: a cultural history of rsia (london, 2002), chs 4, 6; andrzej walicki, a history of rsian thought: frohtennt to arxis , trans hilda andrews-riecka (stanford, 1979), chs 6–12; art alia, alexander herzen and the birth of rsian cialis, 1812–1855 (london, 1961); fran venturi, roots of revotion: a history of the populist and cialist ovents neteenth-century rsia , trans francis haskell (london, 1972); tibor szauely, the rsian tradition (new york, 1974); isaiah berl, rsian thkers (london, 2008); ura enlste, svophile epire: iperial rsia’s illiberal path (ithaca, 2009), ch 4

59 dostoevsky, a writer’s diary , p 349 [transtion odified]

60 dostoevskii, ‘pis’a’, pp 172–3

61 ibid, p 169; dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , pp 35–6

62 a i rtsen, ‘le peuple et le cialis’, ide, branie chenii , 30 vols (osw, 1954–65), vol 7, pp 271–306

63 dostoevskii, ‘pis’a’, pp 169–70

64 ibid, p 172

65 fyodor dostoevsky, cri and punishnt , trans david cduff (london, 2003), pp 647–56

66 fyodor dostoevsky, the brothers karaazov , trans david cduff (london, 2003), p 756

67 aileen kelly, ‘dostoevsky and the divided nscience’, ide, toward another shore: rsian thkers beeen necessity and chance (new haven, 1998), pp 55–79

68 dostoevsky, a writer’s diary , p 354; frank, dostoevsky: the years of ordeal , chs 9–10; schur, was of evil , pp 137–44

69 dostoevsky, a writer’s diary , p 139

70 ibid, p 289 [transtion odified]

71 harriet the past’, svic review , vol 50, no 4 (ter 1991), pp 858–66; fis, natasha’s dance , pp 329–31; wayne dowler, dostoevsky, grigor’ev and native il nservatisenre: dostoevsky’s diary of a writer and the traditions of literary uia (at, 1981); hans kohn, ‘dostoyevsky and danilevsky: nationalist e rsian and viet thought (cae, a, 1955), pp 500–515